Isolation and identification of mycobacteria responsible for tuberculosis of dromedaries in Algeria

peer reviewe

Policy-making tool for optimization of transit priority lanes in urban network

Transit improvement is an effective way to relieve traffic congestion and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. Improvement can be in the form of new facilities or giving on-road priority to transit. Although construction of off-road mass transit is not always viable, giving priority to transit can be a low-cost alternative. A framework is introduced for optimization of bus priority at the network level. The framework identifies links on which a bus lane should be located. Allocation of a lane to transit vehicles would increase the utility of transit, although this can be a disadvantage to auto traffic. The approach balances the impact on all stakeholders. Automobile advocates would like to increase traffic road space, and the total travel time of users and total emissions of the network could be reduced by a stronger priority scheme. A bilevel optimization is applied that encompasses an objective function at the upper level and a mode choice, a traffic assignment, and a transit assignment model at the lower level. The proposed optimization helps transport authorities to quantify the outcomes of various strategies of transit priority. A detailed sensitivity analysis is carried out on the relative weight of each factor in the objective function. The proposed framework can also be applied in the context of high-occupancy-vehicle lanes and heavy-vehicle priority lanes

FUEL CONSUMPTION ANALYSES FOR URBAN TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

This article describes the background and major features of the Australian Road Research Board\u27s Guide To Fuel Consumption Analyses. The article also considers its relevance to urban traffic management decision, and summarizes the technical audit of studies relating to energy consumption in traffic and transport systems on which the guide is based. The forms of four interrelated fuel consumption models of the guide are described and their likely transferability to various situations is indicated. Each traffic and fuel consumption model is appropriate to a particular scale of traffic system. This link is shown for several selected traffic models. The importance of accurate fuel consumption estimates for the case of priority control at a particular intersection is discussed